Understanding Thyroid Health, World Thyroid Day – May 25

Dr. Hemalatha P, Consultant General Medicine, SUT Hospital, Pattom

May 25 is observed globally as World Thyroid Day to raise awareness about thyroid-related diseases. These conditions are increasingly common especially among women. While not typically life-threatening, thyroid disorders can significantly impact daily life. Symptoms such as extreme fatigue, weight changes, irregular menstrual cycles and even infertility may go unnoticed.

The good news is that thyroid diseases can be effectively managed with proper treatment. Early diagnosis is important and this can be achieved through regular thyroid screening. The most common screening test is the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) blood test. TSH is produced by the pituitary gland and regulates hormone production by the thyroid gland. Abnormal TSH levels indicate either hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), both of which affect the body as a whole rather than a specific organ.

Hyperthyroidism symptoms include weight loss despite normal or increased food intake, hand tremors, palpitations, fatigue and menstrual irregularities.

In contrast, hypothyroidism symptoms include weight gain, fatigue, voice changes, menstrual disturbances and low energy levels.

A TSH level lower than normal suggests hyperthyroidism, while a higher level suggests hypothyroidism. In addition to TSH, other tests like T3, T4 and thyroid antibody tests provide a more accurate diagnosis.

Regular blood tests help detect thyroid disorders even before symptoms appear, allowing for timely treatment and improved quality of life. Early intervention can prevent complications and reduce the impact of the disease on everyday functioning.

On World Thyroid Day, let’s commit to spreading awareness about thyroid health. Encouraging routine screenings and recognizing early signs can make a significant difference in managing this widespread condition.