Understanding Autism in Children: Early Signs and Effective Support

Reshmi Mohan A, Child Development Therapist, SUT Hospital, Pattom

Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a developmental condition that affects how children interact, communicate and behave. The term ‘spectrum’ signifies a wide range of symptoms and levels of ability. Each child with autism is unique and may experience + different challenges.

Autism can often be identified between 18 to 24 months of age. Early signs may include differences in communication, repetitive behaviours and difficulties in social interaction. These challenges are often referred to as the ‘Autism Triad.’

1. Repetitive Behaviours
   Children with autism may show repetitive movements such as hand flapping, toe walking, or a fascination with spinning objects like fans. They often follow strict routines and may become distressed if these are disrupted.
2. Communication Issues
   Some children may have limited eye contact, fail to respond to their name or repeat questions rather than answering them. While some may speak fluently, others might communicate non-verbally. Observing their responses helps in scoring autism and planning therapy.
3. Social Difficulties
   Children with autism may prefer playing alone and may struggle to engage in group activities. They often find it hard to understand social rules, making it difficult to adjust with peers.

Early intervention is crucial. Behavioural and occupational therapies can help children gain essential life skills. Regular developmental assessments at various stages can monitor progress and guide interventions. With proper training children with autism can learn to manage daily tasks independently.

One concerning factor is the rising screen time among infants. Prolonged exposure to mobile screens, especially during meals can delay social and language development. It is vital to create a screen-free environment and engage children through natural, interactive play.

Supporting children with autism requires awareness, patience and timely action. By avoiding harmful habits like excessive screen time and encouraging personal interaction, we can help them grow in a healthy, enriching environment rather than a fantasy world.