Stroke Aftercare: Managing Primary and Secondary Complications with Physiotherapy

Stroke, a leading cause of disability worldwide, requires comprehensive aftercare to address primary and secondary complications effectively. Physiotherapy plays an important role in stroke rehabilitation, aiding patients in recovering mobility, strength, and independence.

Primary Complications

• Stroke often causes weakness or paralysis on one side of the body. Physiotherapy interventions focus on restoring motor function through exercises, gait training, and functional activities.
• Many stroke survivors experience difficulties in balance and coordination, increasing the risk of falls. Physiotherapists employ balance exercises and assistive devices to improve stability and prevent falls.
• Some patients may encounter sensory deficits, such as numbness or altered sensation. Sensory re-education techniques and sensory stimulation are used to enhance sensory perception and integration.
• Muscle spasticity, a common post-stroke complication, can lead to muscle stiffness and joint contractures. Physiotherapy includes stretching exercises, manual techniques, and modalities like electrical stimulation to manage spasticity and improve range of motion.

Secondary Complications

• Prolonged immobility post-stroke can result in muscle atrophy, joint stiffness, and pressure ulcers. Physiotherapists employ therapeutic exercises, positioning techniques, and pressure relief strategies to prevent musculoskeletal complications.
• Stroke survivors are at increased risk of cardiovascular issues like hypertension and heart disease. Physiotherapy incorporates cardiovascular exercises, blood pressure monitoring, and lifestyle modifications to manage these risks.
• Stroke survivors may face emotional and psychological challenges, including depression and anxiety. Physiotherapists offer support, motivation, and cognitive-behavioural strategies to address psychosocial well-being and enhance overall quality of life.

Role of Physiotherapy

Physiotherapists play a crucial role throughout the stroke recovery journey:

• Conducting comprehensive assessments to identify impairments and functional limitations.
• Designing personalized rehabilitation programs focusing on mobility, strength, balance, and functional independence.
• Implementing evidence-based interventions, including therapeutic exercises, manual therapy, gait training, and assistive technology.
• Collaborating with teams, including physicians, occupational therapists, speech therapists, and psychologists, to ensure holistic care and optimal outcomes.

Physiotherapy plays a pivotal role in stroke rehabilitation, focusing on restoring function, preventing complications, and promoting overall well-being for stroke survivors. A multidisciplinary approach, with physiotherapists at the forefront, ensures comprehensive and effective care for individuals recovering from stroke.

Mr. Ajailal M.
Senior Consultant Physiotherapist
SUT Hospital, Pattom