Relieving Dry Eye: Symptoms, Causes, and Solutions

Dr. Sabitha Safar, Consultant Ophthalmologist, SUT Hospital, Pattom

Dry eye is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or the tears evaporate too quickly, leading to discomfort, irritation, and even vision problems. This article aims to provide valuable information about dry eye, its symptoms, causes, and various treatment options.

Symptoms of Dry Eye

1. Stinging, burning, or scratchy sensation in the eyes
2. Stringy mucus in or around the eyes
3. Light sensitivity
4. Redness in the eyes
5. A feeling of something gritty or foreign in the eye
6. Difficulty wearing contact lenses
7. Blurred vision or eye fatigue

Causes of Dry Eye

1. Age: Dry eye is more common in people over 50, as tear production tends to decrease with age.
2. Gender: Women are more likely to develop dry eye due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, menopause, or the use of oral contraceptives.
3. Medications: Certain medications, such as antihistamines, decongestants, antidepressants, and blood pressure medications, can reduce tear production.
4. Medical conditions: Diseases like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, Sjogren’s syndrome, and thyroid disorders can contribute to dry eye.
5. Environmental factors: Dry eye can be caused by exposure to wind, smoke, or dry air from air conditioning or heating systems.
6. Prolonged screen time: Staring at digital devices for extended periods can decrease blink rate and cause dry eye.

Treatment Options

1. Artificial tears: Over-the-counter lubricating eye drops can alleviate mild to moderate dry eye symptoms.
2. Warm compresses: Applying a warm compress to the eyes can help unclog oil glands and improve tear quality.
3. Eyelid hygiene: Keeping the eyelids clean can reduce inflammation and help manage dry eye.
4. Dietary changes: Consuming foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, flaxseed, and walnuts, can help improve tear production.
5. Prescription medications: Restasis, Xiidra, and Cequa are FDA-approved medications that can increase tear production.
6. Punctal plugs: Tiny plugs inserted into the tear ducts can help keep tears on the eye’s surface longer.
7. Lifestyle modifications: Limiting screen time, staying hydrated, and wearing sunglasses can help prevent dry eye symptoms.

If you suspect you have dry eye, consult an eye care professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Early intervention can prevent long-term damage and provide relief from uncomfortable symptoms.

Dry eye is a widespread condition, but understanding its symptoms, causes, and available treatment options can significantly improve your quality of life. With the right care and attention, dry eye can be effectively managed, allowing you to enjoy clear, comfortable vision.